👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻SirRana.....

👉🏻The ESL ACADEMY


👉🏻👉🏻Imperialism vs Orientalism



👉🏻🌹Western philosophy is the philosophical  thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with Greek philosophy of the Pre-Socratics such as Thales (c. 624 – c. 546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC), and eventually covering a large area of the globe.[1][2] The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek: philosophia  (φιλοσοφία), literally, "the love of wisdom" (φιλεῖν philein, "to love" and σοφία sophia, "wisdom").

The scope of philosophy in the ancient understanding, and the writings of (at least some of) the ancient philosophers, were all  intellectual endeavors. This included the problems of philosophy as they are understood today; but it also included many other disciplines, such as pure mathematics  and natural sciences such as physics, astronomy, and biology (Aristotle, for example, wrote on all of these topics)....

👉🏻👉🏻🌹Edward Wadie Said (Arabic: إدوارد وديع سعيد‎ [wædiːʕ sæʕiːd], Idwārd Wadīʿ Saʿīd; 1 November 1935 – 25 September 2003) was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies.[3] A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U.S. Army veteran.

👉🏻👉🏻🌹Born
Edward Wadie Said
1 November 1935
Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
Died
25 September 2003 (aged 67)
New York City, United States
Education
Princeton University
Spouse(s)
Mariam C. Said
Era
20th-century philosophy
Region
Western philosophy
School
Continental philosophy
Postcolonialism
Notable ideas
Occidentalism, Orientalism, the Other
Influences
Arthur Schopenhauer, Joseph Conrad, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Giambattista Vico, Noam Chomsky, Theodor Adorno, Antonio Gramsci, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Bertrand Russell[1][2]
Influenced
Homi K. Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Hamid Dabashi, Robert Fisk, Christopher Hitchens, Rashid Khalidi
Educated in the Western canon, at British and American schools, Said applied his education and bi-cultural perspective to illuminating the gaps of cultural and political understanding between the Western world and the Eastern world, especially about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in the Middle East; his principal influences were Antonio Gramsci, Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Michel Foucault, and Theodor Adorno.[4]

As a cultural critic, Said is known for the book Orientalism (1978), a critique of the cultural representations that are the bases of Orientalism—how the Western world perceives the Orient.[5][6][7][8] Said's model of textual analysis transformed the academic discourse of researchers in literary theory, literary criticism, and Middle-Eastern studies—how academics examine, describe, and define the cultures being studied.[9][10] As a foundational text, Orientalism was controversial among the scholars of Oriental Studies, philosophy, and literature.[11][4]

As a public intellectual, Said was a controversial member of the Palestinian National Council, because he publicly criticized Israel and the Arab countries, especially the political and cultural policies of Muslim régimes who acted against the national interests of their peoples.[12][13] Said advocated the establishment of a Palestinian state to ensure equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel, including the right of return to the homeland. He defined his oppositional relation with the status quo  as the remit of the public intellectual who has "to sift, to judge, to criticize, to choose, so that choice and agency return to the individual" man and woman.


👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻🌹🌹In 1999, with his friend Daniel Barenboim, Said co-founded the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra, based in Seville, which comprises young Israeli, Palestinian, and A