All Works Of Mr. William Shakespeare
The Greatest English Dramatist and Poet (1564-1616)

AIO Theme: Romeo and Juliet

Includes:

A- Comedies:

01- The Comedy of Errors (1592-1594)
02- The Taming of the Shrew (1593-1594)
03- The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594)
04- Love s Labor s Lost (1594-1597)
05- A Midsummer-Night s Dream (1595-1596)
06- The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597)
07- The Merry Wives of Windsor (1597-1601)
08- Much Ado About Nothing (1598-1599)
09- As You Like It (1599)
10- Twelfth Night; or What You Will (1601-1602)
11- Troilus and Cressida (1601-1602)
12- All s Well that Ends Well (1601-1602)
13- Measure for Measure (1604)

B- Histories:

14- The First Part of King Henry VI (1589-1590)
15- The Second Part of King Henry VI (1590-1591)
16- The Third Part of King Henry VI (1590-1591)
17- The Tragedy of Richard the Third (1592-1593)
18- The Life and Death of King John (1594-1596)
19- The Tragedy of King Richard II (1593-1594)
20- The First Part of King Henry IV (1596-1597)
21- The Second Part of King Henry IV (1598)
22- The Life of King Henry V (1599)
23- The Famous History of the Life of Henry the Eighth (1612-1613)

C- Tragedies:

24- Titus Andronicus (1593-1594)
25- Romeo and Juliet (1595-1596)
26- Julius Caesar (1599)
27- Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (1600-1601)
28- Othello, the Moor of Venice (1604)
29- King Lear (1605)
30- Macbeth (1606)
31- Antony and Cleopatra (1606)
32- Coriolanus (1607-1608)
33- Timon of Athens (1607-1608)

D- Romances:

34- Pericles (1607-1608)
35- Cymbeline (1609-1610)
36- The Winter s Tale (1610-1611)
37- The Tempest (1611)

E- Poems:

38- Venus and Adonis (1592-1593)
39- The Rape of Lucrece (1593-1594)
40- Sonnets (1593-1599)
41- A Lover s Complaint (1609)
42- The Passionate Pilgrim (1599)

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ROMANTICISM and Romantic Age..
🍁


🍁Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

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👉🏼Background

Romanticism is the name given to a dominant movement in literature and the other arts – particularly music and painting – in the the period from the 1770s to the mid-nineteenth century:

It is regarded as having transformed artistic styles and practices
Like many other terms applied to movements in the arts, the word covers a wide and varied range of artists and practices
It is a retrospective term, applied by later literary, art and musical historians. None of the artists we refer to as Romantics would have so described themselves
It was a European phenomenon, particularly powerful in Britain, France and Germany, but also affecting countries such as Italy, Spain and Poland. There was also, to some extent, an American version of the movement.
Reaction to earlier age

Like many other literary movements, it developed in reaction to the dominant style of the preceding period:

The eighteenth century is often described by literary historians as the Augustan Age  because it sought to emulate the culture of the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus (27 BCE – 14 CE)
Classical standards of order, harmony, proportion and objectivity were preferred – the period saw a revival of interest in classical architecture, for instance
In literature, Greek and Roman authors were taken as models and many eighteenth century writers either translated or produced imitations of poetry in classical forms
In its early years, Romanticism was associated with radical and revolutionary political ideologies, again in reaction against the generally conservative mood of European society.
Main features

Central features of Romanticism include:

An emphasis on emotional and imaginative spontaneity
The importance of self-expression and individual feeling. Romantic poetry is one of the heart and the emotions, exploring the ‘truth of the imagination' rather than scientific truth. The ‘I' voice is central; it is the poet's perceptions and feelings that matter.
An almost religious response to nature. They were concerned that Nature should not just be seen scientifically but as a living force, either made by a Creator, or as in some way divine, to be neglected at humankind's peril. Some of them were no longer Christian in their beliefs. Shelley was an atheist, and for a while Wordsworth was apantheist (the belief that god is in everything). Much of their poetry celebrated the beauty of nature, or protested the ugliness of the growing industrialization of the century: the machines, factories, slum conditions, pollution and so on.
A capacity for wonder and consequently a reverence for the freshness and innocence of the vision of childhood. See The world of the Romantics: Attitudes to childhood
Emphasis on the imagination as a positive and creative faculty
An interest in ‘primitive' forms of art – for instance in the work of early poets (bards), in ancient ballads and folksongs. Some of the Romantics turned back to past times to find inspiration, either to the medieval period, or to Greek and Roman mythology. See Aspects of the Gothic: Gothic and the medieval revival
An interest in and concern for the outcasts of society: tramps, beggars, obsessive characters and the poor and disregarded are especially evident in Romantic poetry
An idea of the poet as a visionary figure, with an important role to play as prophet (in both political and religious terms).

🍁Who were the Romantics?

Some authors have been regarded as pre-Romantic:

William Blake (1757-1827) a visionary poet who was also an artist and engraver, with a particular interest in childhood and a strong hatred of mechanical reason and industrialization;
Robert

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👉🏼What are the main characteristics of Romanticism?
Some of the main characteristics of Romantic literature include a focus on the writer or narrator's emotions and inner world; celebration of nature, beauty, and imagination; rejection of industrialization, organized  religion, rationalism, and social convention; idealization of women, children, and rural life; inclusion ...

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Ranasirliterature.blogspot.com.

👉🏼Characteristics of the Romantic Age & Romantic Literature

1. Individuality/Democracy/Personal Freedom

2. Spiritual/Supernatural Elements

3. Nature as a Teacher

4. Interest in Past History/Ancient Greek and Roman Elements

5. Celebration of the Simple Life

6. Interest in the Rustic/Pastoral Life

7. Interest in Folk Traditions

8. Use of Common Language

9. Use of Common Subjects

10. One Sided/Opinionated

11. Idealized Women

12. Frequent Use of Personification

13. Examination of the Poet's Inner Feelings

👉🏼Some of the main characteristics of Romantic literature include a focus on the writer or narrator’s emotions and inner world; celebration of nature, beauty, and imagination; rejection of industrialization, organized religion, rationalism, and social convention; idealization of women, children, and rural life; inclusion of supernatural or mythological elements; interest in the past; frequent use of personification; experimental use of language and verse forms, including blank verse; and emphasis on individual experience of the "sublime."..


👉🏼One of the most significant aspects of Romanticism was its emphasis on the strange and the mysterious. To a large extent, Romanticism was a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment, which had privileged reason as a source of knowledge about ourselves and the world around us. Most Romantics welcomed the progress that the Enlightenment had made in getting rid of some of the fanaticism, superstition, and obscurantism—the deliberate withholding of knowledge from people—associated with various pre-modern authorities, most notably the Catholic Church.

Yet there was also a widespread consensus among Romantics that the Enlightenment had gone too far in its project of disenchanting the world. Even with all the huge strides that had been made in natural science, Romantics insisted that there was a still a lot about the world that we could not know and indeed never would.

The world was full of mystery, and Romantic art, in all its various forms, sought to explore this mystery in considerable depth. Whether it was through Gothic novels such as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, the poems of Wordsworth (which presented nature as deeply infused with a sublime, almost supernatural force), or the spiritual landscapes of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich, Romantics wanted to draw our attention to a world of mystery, a world which stubbornly defied all attempts at categorization by the thinkers of the Enlightenment.


👉🏼First, we must separate “drama” from theatre – there was plenty of theatrical activity between, let us say, 1800 and 1850, but the plays of that era appealed to the crowds as entertainment, not art, and many were in the “Melodrama” category.  The Romantic literary spirit lent itself more to the "one narrator" form of verse, rather than the “no narrator” dramatic form, since it dealt with a personal response to natural events.  However, there were several products of Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth, etc. that were “dramatic” according to Aristotle’s definition; Coleridge’s Osorio or The Borderers, for example, and Prometheus Unbound  (Shelley).  Sometimes called “closet dramas,”  these pieces were not meant to be performed primarily, but to be read (sometimes aloud by amateurs in their parlors). Byron called it “mental theatre.”    They were written often based on the political unrest of the Revolutionary times in Ameri

Renaissance age and all about its features..
👉🏼In what country did the Renaissance began?
Italy
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that initially began in Florence, Italy, but later spread throughout Europe. It started around 1350 and ended around 1600. During the Renaissance (a word that means "rebirth"), people experienced changes in art, learning, and many other things.

👉🏼What was Renaissance literature about?
Renaissance literature refers to European literature which was influenced by the intellectual and cultural tendencies associated with the Renaissance. ... For the writers of the Renaissance, Greco-Roman inspiration was shown both in the themes of their writing and in the literary forms they used.


👉🏼Renaissance literature started with a renewed interest in the classical Greek and Roman learning. The invention of the printing press and the weakening of the Catholic Church's influence on the daily lives of the people, among other things, enabled Renaissance writers to express their beliefs in new ways.


👉🏼The literature and poetry of the Renaissance  was largely influenced by the developing science and philosophy. The Humanist Francesco Petrarch, a key figure in the renewed sense of scholarship, was also an accomplished poet, publishing several important works of poetry in Italian as well as Latin.


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The Renaissance was important because it ushered in many changes, particularly in European art and culture.

The Renaissance is generally understood to be the art, literature and culture accumulated in the 14th to 16th centuries. Hence some of the most important people during the Renaissance were artists, thinkers and writers - contributors to culture, if you will.

Famous, highly influential artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Botticelli, Raphael and Donatello were born, lived, worked and died during this era.

Galileo, Shakespeare, Erasmus and Columbus were also influential figures of the Renaissance.

Together, these people ushered in new ideas about discovery, travel, invention, art, philosophy and the world.

This is why the Renaissance was so important. Not necessarily because of the political and social events of the time, but rather because of the huge cultural influences the Renaissance’s figures had on society.

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Renaissance began in the Tuscan region of Italy. Classical ideas were rediscovered and spread, including the old Greek idea of the scientific method. Books and writing became more common with the invention of the printing press, as a consequence more people had a desire to learn to read. People began to understand that the world could be seen separately from religion( the church tried very hard to stop this) and knowledge improved. As monarchs read about the kings and emperors of old, who ruled with absolute power, they began to question why they allowed feudal lords so much power in their lands. The decline of the feudal nobility led to a improvement in the lives of average people. Now they were treated like ignorant subjects of the crown who needed a firm guiding. A hand always looking for tax money. But that is still better then being a virtual slave. So in short the renaissance saw a return of knowledge and a measure of freedom to Europe as well as the beginnings of scientific progress and discover.
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The Humanism layed the foundation of the Renaissance . Francesco Petrarca the most preminent figure of Humanism , which discovered the Classic Man and the Classic World : the philosophers , the artists , the artworks , the sculptures of the ancient Greeks and Romans. In a world dominated by the religion obsession of the Middle Ages , the humanists found out that men of the past had been able to do great things and to achieve heights of thought . The Renaissance started in Italy , expecially in Florence (late 1300–1400) . In the painting Giotto is said to be the beginner , followed by Masaccio : the religion subjects are sti

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Neoclassical age

Augustan Age

Age of Johnson

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Neoclassical literature was written between 1660 and 1798. It was a time of both formality and artificiality. In this lesson, we will examine the characteristics and literature of this time period.
Definition
Neoclassical literature was written between 1660 and 1798. This time period is broken down into three parts: the Restoration period, the Augustan period, and the Age of Johnson.

Writers of the Neoclassical period tried to imitate the style of the Romans and Greeks. Thus the combination of the terms 'neo,' which means 'new,' and 'classical,' as in the day of the Roman and Greek classics. This was also the era of The Enlightenment, which emphasized logic and reason. It was preceded by The Renaissance and followed by the Romantic era. In fact, the Neoclassical period ended in 1798 when Wordsworth published the Romantic 'Lyrical Ballads'.


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Neoclassical Era
Understanding the Neoclassical era helps us better understand its literature. This was a time of comfortableness in England. People would meet at coffee houses to chat about politics, among other topics, and sometimes drink a new, warm beverage made of chocolate! It was also the beginning of the British tradition of drinking afternoon tea. And it was the starting point of the middle class, and because of that, more people were literate.

People were very interested in appearances, but not necessarily in being genuine. Men and women commonly wore wigs, and being clever and witty was in vogue. Having good manners and doing the right thing, particularly in public, was essential. It was a time, too, of British political upheaval as eight monarchs took the throne.

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👉🏼Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature
Neoclassical literature is characterized by order, accuracy, and structure. In direct opposition to Renaissance attitudes, where man was seen as basically good, the Neoclassical writers portrayed man as inherently flawed. They emphasized restraint, self-control, and common sense. This was a time when conservatism flourished in both politics and literature.

Some popular types of literature included:
👉🏼👉🏼👇🏻👇🏻
Parody
Essays
Satire
Letters
Fables
Melodrama,

and
Rhyming with couplets
👉🏼

Some popular types of literature included: parody, essays, satire, letters, fables, melodrama, and rhyming with couplets. 5. Three Stages The Neoclassical period of literature can be divided into three distinct stages: the Restoration Period, the Augustan Period, and the Age of Johnson.


👉🏼💐🌿Literature can be broadly divided into ages, starting from the middle ages, renaissance, neoclassical period, romantic period, modern period, to the post-modern period.


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Ranasirliterature.


👉🏼The neoclassical period of literature is also known as the Enlightenment Period.


👉🏼Neoclassical authors saw the world under a new light. Unlike the previous two eras, the writers of this era gave more importance to social needs as compared to individual needs. They believed that man can find meaning in society, religion, natural order, government, and literature. In no time, the winds of a new revolution swept through Europe and North America, and changed everything from art and literature to society and fashion, on its way. Though the neoclassical era later transitioned into the romantic era, it left behind a prominent footprint which can be seen in the literary works of today.


👉🏼The term neo means new while classical refers to the Roman and Greek classics, hence the name is aptly coined as neoclassical. Neoclassical literature emulated the Greek and Roman styles of writing

The neoclassical era was closely preceded by the renaissance period. Before the renaissance period, life and literature was mainly dictated by the Church. However, during renaissance, science and innovation

The ESL ACADEMY BY SIR RANA...


👉🏼💐💐💐💐

Neoclassical age

Augustan Age

Age of Johnson

👉🏼👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻

Neoclassical literature was written between 1660 and 1798. It was a time of both formality and artificiality. In this lesson, we will examine the characteristics and literature of this time period.
Definition
Neoclassical literature was written between 1660 and 1798. This time period is broken down into three parts: the Restoration period, the Augustan period, and the Age of Johnson.

Writers of the Neoclassical period tried to imitate the style of the Romans and Greeks. Thus the combination of the terms 'neo,' which means 'new,' and 'classical,' as in the day of the Roman and Greek classics. This was also the era of The Enlightenment, which emphasized logic and reason. It was preceded by The Renaissance and followed by the Romantic era. In fact, the Neoclassical period ended in 1798 when Wordsworth published the Romantic 'Lyrical Ballads'.


👉🏼💐💐💐

Neoclassical Era
Understanding the Neoclassical era helps us better understand its literature. This was a time of comfortableness in England. People would meet at coffee houses to chat about politics, among other topics, and sometimes drink a new, warm beverage made of chocolate! It was also the beginning of the British tradition of drinking afternoon tea. And it was the starting point of the middle class, and because of that, more people were literate.

People were very interested in appearances, but not necessarily in being genuine. Men and women commonly wore wigs, and being clever and witty was in vogue. Having good manners and doing the right thing, particularly in public, was essential. It was a time, too, of British political upheaval as eight monarchs took the throne.

👉🏼💐💐💐💐🌿🌿🌿👇🏻

The ESL ACADEMY BY SIR  RANA..

👉🏼Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature
Neoclassical literature is characterized by order, accuracy, and structure. In direct opposition to Renaissance attitudes, where man was seen as basically good, the Neoclassical writers portrayed man as inherently flawed. They emphasized restraint, self-control, and common sense. This was a time when conservatism flourished in both politics and literature.

Some popular types of literature included:
👉🏼👉🏼👇🏻👇🏻
Parody
Essays
Satire
Letters
Fables
Melodrama,

and
Rhyming with couplets
👉🏼

Some popular types of literature included: parody, essays, satire, letters, fables, melodrama, and rhyming with couplets. 5. Three Stages The Neoclassical period of literature can be divided into three distinct stages: the Restoration Period, the Augustan Period, and the Age of Johnson.


👉🏼💐🌿Literature can be broadly divided into ages, starting from the middle ages, renaissance, neoclassical period, romantic period, modern period, to the post-modern period.


👉🏼👉🏼👉🏼👉🏼visitblog

Ranasirliterature.


👉🏼The neoclassical period of literature is also known as the Enlightenment Period.


👉🏼Neoclassical authors saw the world under a new light. Unlike the previous two eras, the writers of this era gave more importance to social needs as compared to individual needs. They believed that man can find meaning in society, religion, natural order, government, and literature. In no time, the winds of a new revolution swept through Europe and North America, and changed everything from art and literature to society and fashion, on its way. Though the neoclassical era later transitioned into the romantic era, it left behind a prominent footprint which can be seen in the literary works of today.


👉🏼The term neo means new while classical refers to the Roman and Greek classics, hence the name is aptly coined as neoclassical. Neoclassical literature emulated the Greek and Roman styles of writing

The neoclassical era was closely preceded by the renaissance period. Before the renaissance period, life and literature was mainly dictated by the Church. However, during renaissance, science and innovation

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