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🌹👉🏻*Poem
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*Phenomenal Woman by Maya Angelou*

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*Posts By
*English Literature and linguistics


 Consultant: SirRana


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Pretty women wonder where my secret lies.
I'm not cute or built to suit a fashion model's size
But when I start to tell them,
They think I'm telling lies.
I say,
It's in the reach of my arms
The span of my hips,
The stride of my step,
The curl of my lips.
I'm a woman
Phenomenally.
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.

I walk into a room
Just as cool as you please,
And to a man,
The fellows stand or
Fall down on their knees.
Then they swarm around me,
A hive of honey bees.
I say,
It's the fire in my eyes,
And the flash of my teeth,
The swing in my waist,
And the joy in my feet.
I'm a woman
Phenomenally.
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.

Men themselves have wondered
What they see in me.
They try so much
But they can't touch
My inner mystery.
When I try to show them
They say they still can't see.
I say,
It's in the arch of my back,
The sun of my smile,
The ride of my breasts,
The grace of my style.
I'm a woman

Phenomenally.
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.

Now you understand
Just why my head's not bowed.
I don't shout or jump about
Or have to talk real loud.
When you see me passing
It ought to make you proud.
I say,
It's in the click of my heels,
The bend of my hair,
the palm of my hand,
The need of my care,
'Cause I'm a woman
Phenomenally.
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.

*Analysis of poem "Phenomenal Woman":*
The poem starts in a conversational fashion where a flock of women, intrigued by poet’s popularity amidst male suitors, want to know from her the secret of her success. Despite her strong refusal to fit into beauty paradigm, the poet gets maximum male attention. By her own admission, she is neither cute, nor she has a bottleneck figure. Her physical incongruity makes the questioning women more curious and they have a strong feeling that the poet conceals the secret of her success.
The poet proudly asserts that she is very happy with whatever she has and definitely is not going to take a plunge to beautify herself. Her real appearance, the reach of her arms, the span of her hips, and the curl of her lips make her such a phenomenal woman. What she intends to highlight is that there is no falsity about her appearance. She appears the way she exists. Such honesty of her appearance exudes tremendous confidence which makes men go. Every time she enters the room, she becomes the cynosure of present contingent of men. Helpless men used to stoop flock after her just the way bees swarm around their hive. Hive of honey bees is an interesting metaphor. As bees find shelter in a hive, helpless men seek refuge in the not-so-glamorous body of the poet.

Maya Angelou now takes initiative to decode the mystery further for the bewildering women. She is confident and that shows in spark of her eyes. She has a proud smile which exudes optimism. Her swinging waist and joyous feet show she is in firm control over the situation. This firmness, this confidence makes her a phenomenal woman who refuses to mould herself according to male desire. The repeated proud assertion of being a phenomenal woman is a celebration of womanhood.
Now, she remains a mystery to her male admirers. This ordinary looking woman sparks a desire in them and they fail to pin down the reason. Maya Angelou tries to reveal the mystery but the myopic men fail to see it. Actually, male doctrine believes in specificity. They cannot stand the idea of totality. When Maya Angelou’s entire appearance wins them over, they leave no stone unturned to fix a point. Male hegemony demands stability, a hierarchy of things which Maya Angelou’s body savagely defies. Her arch of the back, her glorious smile, rhyming motion of her breasts remains a jigsaw and single-minded men will never find the final piece of this jigsaw.The poet again reasserts her phenomenal existence. She says th

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NOVEL

👉🏻Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Summary



👉🏻Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man takes place in Ireland at the turn of the century. Young Stephen Dedalus comes from an Irish Catholic family; he is the oldest of ten children, and his father is financially inept. Throughout the novel, the Dedalus family makes a series of moves into increasingly dilapidated homes as their fortunes dwindle. His mother is a devout Catholic. When Stephen is young, he and the other Dedalus children are tutored by the governess Dante, a fanatically Catholic woman. Their Uncle Charles also lives with the family. The book opens with stream of consciousness narrative filtered through a child's perspective; there is sensual imagery, and words approximating baby talk. We leap forward in time to see young Stephen beginning boarding school at Clongowes. He is very young, terribly homesick, un-athletic and socially awkward. He is an easy target for bullies, and one day he is pushed into a cesspool. He becomes ill from the filthy water, but he remembers what his father told him and doesn't tell on the boy. That Christmas, he eats at the adult table for the first time. A terrible argument erupts over politics, with John Casey and Stephen's father on one side and Dante on the other. Later that year, Stephen is unjustly hit by a prefect. He complains to the rector, winning the praises of his peers.

Stephen is forced to withdraw from Clongowes because of his family's poverty. The family moves to Blackrock, where Stephen takes long walks with Uncle Charles and goes on imaginary adventures with boys from around the neighbourhood. When Stephen is a bit older, the family moves to Dublin, once again because of financial difficulties. He meets a girl named Emma Clere, who is to be the object of his adoration right up until the end of the book. His father, with a bit of charm, manages to get Stephen back into private school. He is to go to Belvedere College, another institution run by the Jesuits.

👉🏻Stephen comes into his own at Belvedere, a reluctant leader and a success at acting and essay writing. Despite his position of leadership, he often feels quite isolated. He continues to be a sensitive and imaginative young man, acting in school plays and winning essay contests. He is also increasingly obsessed with sex; his fantasies grow more and more lurid. Finally, one night he goes with a prostitute. It is his first sexual experience.

Going with prostitutes becomes a habit. Stephen enters a period of spiritual confession. He considers his behavior sinful, but he feels oddly indifferent towards it. He cannot seem to stop going to prostitutes, nor does he want to stop. But during the annual spiritual retreat at Belvedere, he hears three fire sermons on the torments of hell. Stephen is terrified, and he repents of his old behavior. He becomes almost fanatically religious.

After a time, this feeling passes. He becomes increasingly frustrated by Catholic doctrine. When a rector suggests that he consider becoming a priest, Stephen realizes that it is not the life for him. One day, while walking on the beach, he sees a beautiful girl. Her beauty hits him with the force of spiritual revelation, and he no longer feels ashamed of admiring the body. He will live life to the fullest.

The next time we see Stephen, he is a student at university. University has provided valuable structure and new ideas to Stephen: in particular, he has had time to think about the works of Aquinas and Aristotle on the subject of beauty. Stephen has developed his own theory of aesthetics. He is increasingly preoccupied with beauty and art. Although he has no shortage of friends, he feels isolated. He has come to regard Ireland as a trap, and he realizes that he must escape the constraints of nation, family, and religion. He can only do that abroad. Stephen imagines his escape as something parallel to the flight of Dedal

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Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Themes


👉🏻🌹Entrapment and Constraint


Stephen eventually comes to see Ireland as a kind of trap, a restraint that will make it impossible for him to live and create. Three major bonds threaten: family, nation, and the Church. Stephen's family, increasingly destitute, is a source of frustration and guilt. He can do nothing to help them, and the continued ineptitude of his father exasperates Stephen. Though his father is an ardent nationalist, Stephen has great anxieties about Irish politics. He finds the Irish people fickle and ultimately disloyal; at one point, he says to a friend that the Irish have never had a great leader whom they did not betray or abandon. He also rebels against the nature of activities like petition-signing and protest; in his mind, these activities amount to an abdication of independence. At the same time, he leaves Ireland hoping to forge the new conscience of his race.


👉🏻Catholicism
The Church is perhaps the greatest constraint on Stephen, and merits its own entry. The teachings of the Church run contrary to Stephen's independent spirit and intellect. His sensitivity to beauty and the human body are not at all suitable to the rigid Catholicism in which he was raised. But the Church continues to exert some small hold on him. Although he eventually becomes an unbeliever, he continues to have some fear that the Catholic Church might be correct. Despite his fears, he eventually chooses to live independently and without constraint, even if that decision sends him to hell.



👉🏻Escape


Escape is the natural complement to the theme of Entrapment and Constraint. Joyce depicts escape metaphorically by the book's most important symbol and allusion: the mythical artificer Dedalus. Dedalus is not at all an Irish name; Joyce took the name from the mythical inventor who escaped from his island prison by constructing wings and flying to his freedom. Stephen, too, will eventually escape from the island prison of Ireland.



👉🏻Independence


Closely related to the above theme, Stephen's move towards independence is one of the central movements of the novel. When we first encounter Stephen as a young boy, his athletic ineptitude and sensitive nature make him an easy target for bullies. He is a rather shy and awkward boy. The contrast with the university student Stephen could not be greater. The older Stephen is fiercely independent, willing to risk eternal damnation to pursue his destiny. He is not cowed by anyone, and he will pursue life as an artist no matter what the cost.




Beauty, Sensitivity, and Imagination
What begins as sensitivity and imagination in the child Stephen eventually evolves into a near-obsessive contemplation of beauty and the mechanics of art. Even as a child, young Stephen is a extraordinarily imaginative and sensitive boy. Eventually, these strong but unarticulated feelings take shape as a passion for the arts. In Chapter 5, Stephen has developed a theory of aesthetics that is quite sophisticated for a university student; he thinks carefully and thoroughly about beauty and the power of art, and knows that he can do nothing else but pursue the life of a poet and writer.

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👉🏻Pu Part 2 Novel

👉🏻PAPER III (Novel)

1. HEART OF DARKNESS BY JOSEPH CONRAD
1. Major Themes in 'Heart of Darkness'
2. Symbolism in 'Heart of Darkness'
3. 'Heart of Darkness' As a Political Allegory
4. Is 'Heart of Darkness' Racist?
5. Symbolic Representation of Evil in 'Heart of Darkness'
6. Conrad's Art of Characterization
7. Character Sketch of Marlow
8. Character Sketch of Kurtz
Notes Prepared By: SirRana


👉🏻2. A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN BY JOYCE


9. Major Themes in 'A Portrait of an Artist As a Young Man'
10. Significance of the Title 'A Portrait of an Artist As a Young Man'
11. James Joyce's Style and Technique
12. James Joyce's Art of Characterization
13. Epiphany in 'A Portrait of an Artist As a Young Man'
14. Use of Myth in 'A Portrait of an Artist As a Young Man'
15. Character Sketch of Stephen Dedalus
16. Stephen Dedalus' Theory of Aesthetics
Notes Prepared By: SirRana

👉🏻3. TO THE LIGHTHOUSE BY VIRGINIA WOOLF
17. Major Themes in 'To the Lighthouse'
18. Virginia Woolf As a Novelist
19. Structure of 'To the Lighthouse'
20. Symbolism in 'To the Lighthouse'
21. Stream of Consciousness in 'To the Lighthouse
22. Oedipal Struggle Between James and Mr. Ramsay
23. Character Sketch of Mrs. Ramsay
24. Character of Brisko and Importance of Her Paintings


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4. THINGS FALL APART BY CHINUA ACHEBE
25. Major Themes in 'Things Fall Apart'
26. Symbolic Significance of the Title 'Things Fall Apart'
27. 'Things Fall Apart' As a Tragedy
28. 'Things Fall Apart' As a Post-Colonial Novel
29. Conflicts in 'Things Fall Apart'
30. Female Characters in 'Things Fall Apart'
31. Okonkwo As a Tragic Hero
32. Comparison Between 'Heart of Darkness' and Things Fall Apart'
Notes Prepared By:  SirRana

👉🏻5. TWILIGHT IN DELHI BY AHMED ALI
33. Major Themes in 'Twilight in Delhi'
34. Symbolism in 'Twilight in Delhi'
35. Significance of the Title 'Twilight in Delhi'
36. Portrayal of Delhi and its People in 'Twilight in Delhi'
37. Ahmad Ali's Purpose of Writing  'Twilight in Delhi'
38. Ahmad Ali's Art of Characterization
39. Mir Nehal As a Symbol of Muslim Culture
40. Salient Features of Modern Novel


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MA ENGLISH PUNJAB UNIVERSITY COURSE

PART 2

NOVEL
HEART OF DARKNESS BY JOSEPH CONARD..


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👉🏻How does Kurtz die in the heart of darkness?
By the time Marlow, the protagonist, sees Kurtz, he is ill with jungle fever and almost dead. Marlow seizes Kurtz and endeavors to take him back down the river in his steamboat. Kurtz dies on the boat with the last words, "The horror!

👉🏻At the beginning of the action in the novella, Marlow, the narrator, is confused about Kurtz and his motives. After he first arrives in Africa, he hears people who work for the ivory company tell a story in which Kurtz returns to his station, though it is bare of food. Marlow thinks of Kurtz: "I did not know the motive. Perhaps he was just simply a fine fellow who stuck to his work for its own sake" (page numbers vary by edition). At this point, Marlow believes that Kurtz is benevolent.

As he journeys towards Kurtz's inner station, Marlow finds Kurtz intriguing and puzzling. He comes upon a report Kurtz has written for the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs. At the end of this report, which is eloquent and altruistic towards the native Africans, Kurtz adds, "Exterminate all the brutes!" Marlow compares this statement to "a flash of lightning in a serene sky." At this point, Marlow is puzzled about why Kurtz would add this postscript to a report in which he has advocated benevolent treatment of African people.

In the end, Marlow knows that Kurtz is flawed and has elevated himself about the native people by pretending to be a deity. In the end, however, Marlow has undying dedication to Kurtz. As he says,

"He had summed up -- he had judged. `The horror!' He was a remarkable man. After all, this was the expression of some sort of belief; it had candour, it had conviction, it had a vibrating note of revolt in its whisper, it had the appalling face of a glimpsed truth -- the strange commingling of desire and hate" (page numbers vary by edition).

Marlow remains dedicated to Kurtz because he believes that Kurtz, whose last words were "the horror," understands the truth of what European colonization in Africa is truly like. He finds Kurtz "remarkable" and cannot shake his admiration of him, even though he knows that Kurtz in reality was far from perfect.


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