#THE_ORIGINS_OF_LANGUAGE
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We simply do not know how language originated. We do not know that spoken language developed well before written language. Yet we have no physical evidence relating to the speech of our ancestors and because of this absence of evidence speculations about the origins of human speech have been developed.
👉#The_Divine_Source
The basic idea of the theory is that: “If infants were allowed to grow up without hearing any language, then they would spontaneously begin using the original God-given language. “
👉#The_Natural_Sound_Source
“Primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds which early men and women heard around them “Examples: cuckoo, splash, bang, boom. This view has been called “bow-wow theory “of language origin and these words echoing natural sounds are called “onomatopoeic words”. A similar suggestion: “The original sounds of language came from natural cries of emotion such as pain, anger and joy. Examples: Ouch! , Ah!, Hey!
👉#Yo_heave_ho_Theory
The sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language, especially when that physical effort involved several people and had to be coordinated.
The importance of yo-heave-ho theory is that it places the development of human language in some SOCIAL CONTEXT.
👉#The_Oral_Gesture_Source
The theory comes from the idea that there is a link between physical gesture and orally produced sounds. First of all a set of physical gestures was developed as a means of communication. Then a set of oral gestures especially involving the mouth developed in which the movements of the tongue, lips and so on where recognized according to patterns of movement similar to physical gestures.
👉#Glossogenetics
The focus is on the biological basis of the formation. In the evolutionary development there are certain physical features, best thought of the physical adaptations that appear to be relevant for speech. By themselves, such features would not lead to speech production, but they are good clues that a creature possessing such features probably has the capacity for speech.
👉#Physiological_Adaptations
Human teeth, lips, mouth, tongue, larynx, pharynx and brain have been created in such a way to coordinate in producing speech sounds. Their places, connections and coordinative functions make humankind different from all the living creatures.
👉#Interactions_and_Transactions
There are two major functions of language:
• Interactional Function: It is related with how human use language to interact with each other socially or emotionally, how they express their feelings or their ideas.
• Transactional Function: It is related with how human use their linguistic abilities to transfer knowledge from one generation to the next.
👉#LITERARY_THEORY:
Theoretical Schools and Movements
Literary theory is not a disembodied set of ideas but a force in institutions. Theory exists in communities of readers and writers, as a discursive practice, inextricably entangled with educational and cultural institutions. Three theoretical modes whose impact, since the 1960s, has been greatest are the wide-ranging reflection on language, representation, and the categories of critical thought undertaken by deconstruction and psychoanalysis (sometimes in concert, sometimes in opposition); the analyses of the role of gender and sexuality in every aspect of literature and criticism by feminism and then gender studies and Queer theory; and the development of historically oriented cultural criticisms (new historicism, post-colonial theory) studying a wide range of discursive practices, involving many objects (the body, the family, race) not previously thought of as having a history.
There are several important theoretical movements prior to the 1960s.
👉#Russian_Formalism
The Russian Formalists of the early years of the twentieth century stressed that critics should concern themselves with the literari
🌻🌼🌻🌼🌻🌼🌻🌼🌻🌼🌻🌼
🔝🔝🔝🔝🔝🔝🔝🔝🔝🔝
We simply do not know how language originated. We do not know that spoken language developed well before written language. Yet we have no physical evidence relating to the speech of our ancestors and because of this absence of evidence speculations about the origins of human speech have been developed.
👉#The_Divine_Source
The basic idea of the theory is that: “If infants were allowed to grow up without hearing any language, then they would spontaneously begin using the original God-given language. “
👉#The_Natural_Sound_Source
“Primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds which early men and women heard around them “Examples: cuckoo, splash, bang, boom. This view has been called “bow-wow theory “of language origin and these words echoing natural sounds are called “onomatopoeic words”. A similar suggestion: “The original sounds of language came from natural cries of emotion such as pain, anger and joy. Examples: Ouch! , Ah!, Hey!
👉#Yo_heave_ho_Theory
The sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language, especially when that physical effort involved several people and had to be coordinated.
The importance of yo-heave-ho theory is that it places the development of human language in some SOCIAL CONTEXT.
👉#The_Oral_Gesture_Source
The theory comes from the idea that there is a link between physical gesture and orally produced sounds. First of all a set of physical gestures was developed as a means of communication. Then a set of oral gestures especially involving the mouth developed in which the movements of the tongue, lips and so on where recognized according to patterns of movement similar to physical gestures.
👉#Glossogenetics
The focus is on the biological basis of the formation. In the evolutionary development there are certain physical features, best thought of the physical adaptations that appear to be relevant for speech. By themselves, such features would not lead to speech production, but they are good clues that a creature possessing such features probably has the capacity for speech.
👉#Physiological_Adaptations
Human teeth, lips, mouth, tongue, larynx, pharynx and brain have been created in such a way to coordinate in producing speech sounds. Their places, connections and coordinative functions make humankind different from all the living creatures.
👉#Interactions_and_Transactions
There are two major functions of language:
• Interactional Function: It is related with how human use language to interact with each other socially or emotionally, how they express their feelings or their ideas.
• Transactional Function: It is related with how human use their linguistic abilities to transfer knowledge from one generation to the next.
👉#LITERARY_THEORY:
Theoretical Schools and Movements
Literary theory is not a disembodied set of ideas but a force in institutions. Theory exists in communities of readers and writers, as a discursive practice, inextricably entangled with educational and cultural institutions. Three theoretical modes whose impact, since the 1960s, has been greatest are the wide-ranging reflection on language, representation, and the categories of critical thought undertaken by deconstruction and psychoanalysis (sometimes in concert, sometimes in opposition); the analyses of the role of gender and sexuality in every aspect of literature and criticism by feminism and then gender studies and Queer theory; and the development of historically oriented cultural criticisms (new historicism, post-colonial theory) studying a wide range of discursive practices, involving many objects (the body, the family, race) not previously thought of as having a history.
There are several important theoretical movements prior to the 1960s.
👉#Russian_Formalism
The Russian Formalists of the early years of the twentieth century stressed that critics should concern themselves with the literari
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